Haiti: Facts & Stats

ECONOMY

Industry:

Haiti's industrial sector is almost exclusively export-oriented, revolving around assembly plants producing consumer goods for the U.S. market. In the 1970s and 1980s this sector grew rapidly, and Haiti was briefly one of the leading producers of baseballs and other sporting goods. The political violence of the late 1980s and 1990s and particularly the embargo imposed on the military regime between 1991 and 1994 severely affected this sector, and many companies relocated to the Dominican Republic or Mexico.

By 1999 the manufacturing sector was estimated to employ 35,000 workers, mostly women, producing clothing, toys, and electronic parts.

Other manufacturing takes place on a small scale and is either directed at the small local market or involves artisans who produce goods such as artworks, furniture, and souvenirs, which are normally exported to tourist destinations elsewhere in the Caribbean.

Agriculture:

With 66% of the laboring population deriving its living exclusively from the soil, farming is the mainstay of the Haitian economy. Although only about one-third of the country's land is considered suitable for cultivation because of the rugged terrain, over 33% of the land was actually being used for crop and feed production in 1998; permanent pasture land amounted to 18% of the total land area.

Production of coffee in 1999 totaled 28,000 tons. In 1976, Haiti became a net importer of sugar. Sugarcane production in 1999 was 1,000,000 tons. Other agricultural production figures are bananas, 290; corn, 215; rice, 102; sorghum, 96; dry beans, 36; and cocoa beans, 5. Haitian agriculture is characterized by numerous small plots averaging slightly over one hectare per family, on which peasants grow most of their food crops and a few other crops for cash sale.

Research & Development:

The Haitian/US NGO Meds and Food for Kids (MFK) developed Medika Mamba in Haitian Creole, meaning peanut butter medicine. It is a so-called Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) that provides nutritionally vulnerable individuals with a highly concentrated and nutritious food made out of peanuts, powdered milk, sugar, oil, vitamins and minerals. MFK calls Medika Mamba “the ultimate take out food” as it needs no cooking (so no fuel) and no refrigeration. The product is a highly cost-effective way of treating malnutrition: the average treatment for a small child costs only $68.

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